Which phase comes first in the penetration testing process?

In the penetration testing process, the planning phase is essential as it lays the foundational framework for the entire engagement. This phase involves defining the scope of the test, identifying the systems and networks to be tested, and determining the rules of engagement, including any limitations or constraints that will guide the testing activities. By establishing clear objectives and understanding the client’s needs during the planning phase, the penetration testing team can ensure that their approach is structured, effective, and aligned with the organization's goals.

In contrast, the discovery phase follows planning and focuses on gathering information about the target systems, networks, and vulnerabilities. The attack phase occurs after the discovery, where testers exploit identified vulnerabilities. Finally, the reporting phase includes documenting the findings and recommendations from the tests. Thus, without a thorough planning phase to inform subsequent stages, the penetration test may lack direction and fail to address critical areas effectively.