iSACA Cybersecurity Fundamentals Certification Practice Exam

What is malware?

1. Software used for system optimization

2. Software designed to disrupt functioning without consent

3. Software approved by the user

4. Software that is easily removable

The correct answer is: Software designed to disrupt functioning without consent

Malware, short for malicious software, is specifically designed to disrupt, damage, or gain unauthorized access to computer systems or networks. This definition captures the essence of its intent and functionality, emphasizing that malware operates without the consent or knowledge of the user. It encompasses various types of harmful software, including viruses, worms, trojans, ransomware, and spyware, all of which aim to compromise system integrity or steal sensitive information. The key characteristic that differentiates malware from benign software is that it is built with malicious intent, seeking to exploit vulnerabilities in systems or user behavior to achieve its objectives. The other options do not align with the definition of malware. Software used for system optimization works to improve performance and efficiency, often with the user’s consent. Software approved by the user would imply a positive, consent-driven interaction, which is contrary to the aims of malware. Lastly, software that is easily removable suggests a non-harmful or benign nature, whereas many forms of malware can be deeply embedded in systems, making them challenging to detect and remove. This underscores the critical nature of understanding malware's purpose and the risks it poses to cybersecurity.