iSACA Cybersecurity Fundamentals Certification Practice Exam

What does the term 'least privilege' refer to in user permissions?

1. Access to all system functionalities for users

2. Providing the minimum necessary access for tasks

3. Access based on user popularity

4. Permissions granted by senior management

The correct answer is: Providing the minimum necessary access for tasks

The concept of 'least privilege' refers to the principle of providing users only the minimum necessary access rights to perform their jobs or tasks, which is exactly what option B states. This approach significantly reduces the risk of unauthorized access or accidental misuse of sensitive information and system resources. By implementing the least privilege principle, organizations can ensure that users do not have excessive permissions that could be leveraged for malicious purposes or lead to unintentional security breaches. It keeps access tightly controlled, allowing for a security model that limits the potential damage that can arise from a compromised account or insider threat. Thus, if a user's credentials become compromised, the impact is minimized since that user only has access to resources that are absolutely necessary for their responsibilities. Other options reflect different access philosophies that do not align with the least privilege principle. For instance, providing access to all system functionalities for users contradicts the idea of restricting permissions. The notion of access based on user popularity is unrelated to the security principle, as it promotes a subjective measure rather than a security-driven approach. Lastly, permissions granted by senior management could imply broader access that is not aligned with the least privilege concept, which seeks to limit permissions irrespective of the user's position in the organization.