iSACA Cybersecurity Fundamentals Certification Practice Exam

What defines a firewall in a networking context?

1. A device allowing all traffic without restrictions

2. A system that enforces a boundary between networks

3. A software program that scans emails

4. A tool for encrypting data transactions

The correct answer is: A system that enforces a boundary between networks

A firewall fundamentally serves the role of enforcing a boundary between networks. It acts as a security device that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. By defining a set of policies, firewalls can allow or block traffic, ensuring that only authorized data flows between different network zones, such as an internal network and the internet. This capability is crucial for protecting sensitive data and maintaining the integrity and security of networked systems. Firewalls can be hardware-based, software-based, or a combination of both, and they function at various layers of the network stack, adding an essential layer of defense against unauthorized access and threats. The other options do not accurately describe the primary function of a firewall. Allowing all traffic without restrictions would defeat the purpose of a firewall, which is meant to be a security measure rather than an open conduit. Scanning emails pertains to email security solutions rather than firewall functionality. Finally, encrypting data transactions relates to data protection measures but is not a characteristic of firewalls.